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Peilingwijzer: PVV duidelijk de grootste, lichte winst D66 en JA21
APPLE 245.27 −4.96%
Mittal 32.32 −5.83%
BAM 8.38 −1.00%
BESI 140.30 −3.51%
BERKHATH 489.13 −2.14%
BYD 109.20 −0.46%
ESSILOR 273.40 −1.65%
FAGRON 21.00 +2.94%
NVIDIA 183.16 −3.15%
SHELL 31.04 −3.27%
SAMSUNG 94,200.00 +9.53%
SOFTBANK 22,355.00 −2.66%
TMSC 1,440.00 +1.77%
TESLA 413.49 −5.74%
Investment Analysis: Americas Stock Market Overview – Week 39, 2025

美洲股市支持经济软着陆的共识,人工智能引领的资本支出、价值端的消费者支出保持韧性,政策利率虽有所放松但仍具限制性。大型科技和云平台显示出两位数的增长、丰厚的利润率和创纪录的现金流,而超大规模和数据中心的建设支撑了半导体和软件的多年需求周期。金融业受益于良好的信贷环境和健康的费用池,尽管利率路径将影响净利息和交易。能源和材料依然对经济周期和中国市场敏感,而消费必需品随着增长放缓面临估值和股息覆盖的考验。拉美市场的领导者提供了优越的股本回报率和结构性数字化,但需应对汇率和政策风险。选股比市场波动更为重要。



行业回顾

科技与云软件:微软和Alphabet在Copilot、Azure以及广告/搜索现代化方面拥有高达30%的利润率,并具备广阔的AI变现前景。苹果虽然现金充裕且产品周期灵活,但面临监管噪音。AI功能的执行力和定价能力将决定企业是持续增长还是陷入重新评级疲劳。

半导体:NVIDIA的盈利能力和平台护城河在短期内占据主导地位,但出口管制和供应正常化可能抑制增长。英特尔在政策支持下进行转型,但盈利和自由现金流为负,使得产品节奏和代工厂里程碑至关重要。

互联网、电子商务和数字广告:亚马逊的AWS和广告引擎随着零售效率的提升而重新加速。Meta通过卓越的利润率为AI和设备提供资金,监管风险是关键因素。MercadoLibre结合了30%以上的增长与支付和信贷规模,但杠杆和负自由现金流需要谨慎管理。

支付和金融科技基础设施:Visa提供长期的高利润率复合增长和现金回报,市场波动性较低。监管费用制度和替代支付渠道是主要关注点,但网络效应依然强劲。

银行和金融:摩根大通和RBC展现出强劲的盈利能力、费用增长和稳健的信贷;BAC正在向其区间上限改善。Itaú和Credicorp拥有高ROE,收入波动性与当地宏观经济相关。资本回报稳健,但对利率和监管的敏感性依然存在。

能源:埃克森美孚和Suncor提供收益和较低的市场波动性,现金流支持尽管商品弹性存在。Petrobras提供高收益率,但政策和分红可持续性风险较高。

医疗保健:强生公司提供防御性复合增长,通过新的美国产能来缓解关税风险;上升空间取决于医疗技术的节奏和利润率保持。

消费品:宝洁保持利润率的韧性。可口可乐和百事可乐面临增长放缓和分红限制,现金转换和杠杆受到关注。

材料和采矿:淡水河谷和墨西哥集团依赖中国需求和能源转型金属。强劲的EBITDA与部分领域的负自由现金流相遇,使得资本配置至关重要。

工业和航空航天:Embraer的订单积压和运营杠杆支持重新评级,但供应链和交付执行必须维持自由现金流。

电信:美洲移动的现金生成和股息被杠杆、外汇和融资成本抵消,抑制了倍数扩张。

零售:沃尔玛和Walmex通过全渠道和效率持续稳步增加市场份额,提供低波动性复合增长和适度收益。


前五大投资选择

微软公司 (MSFT)。微软结合了规模和盈利能力,拥有最清晰的AI变现路线图。以2817.2亿美元的TTM收入、44.90%的营业利润率、1361.6亿美元的营业现金流和1018.3亿美元的净收入,它可以为Azure、Copilot和安全性提供资金,同时维持回购和分红。相较于套件价值,欧盟的Teams拆分是可控的。如果企业继续现代化数据和采用AI,消费和席位增长应支持两位数的EPS年复合增长率,提供高质量的复合增长和适度波动性。

NVIDIA公司 (NVDA)。NVIDIA的60.84%营业利润率和866亿美元的净收入基于1652.2亿美元的收入,显示出AI加速器和粘性软件堆栈的非凡经济效益。第三季度的540亿美元指引和超大规模资本支出深度表明,尽管有中国限制,需求仍然持久。高波动性和政策风险意味着波动性,但平台护城河、供应扩张和生态系统锁定有利于多年的现金复合增长和网络与软件订阅的选择权。

亚马逊公司 (AMZN)。亚马逊的6700.4亿美元TTM收入、11.43%的营业利润率和1211.4亿美元的营业现金流反映出一家正在退出利润率重置的企业,零售效率正在改善。AWS和广告是高利润率增长引擎,而AI服务加深了客户粘性。尽管股价接近高位,但受益于加速的盈利增长(同比+34.70%)和资本支出纪律,多年倍数的弹性和EPS复合增长路径看起来可信。

Alphabet公司 (GOOGL)。Alphabet的3714亿美元TTM收入、32.43%的营业利润率和1337.1亿美元的营业现金流,加上新的股息,提供了为AI基础设施和产品创新提供资金的灵活性。反垄断补救措施是头条风险,但规模和多元化资产(搜索、YouTube、云)允许适应。如果AI提高广告相关性和云缩小亏损,同时电力采购稳定,盈利质量和现金回报可以从接近52周高点扩展。

Visa公司 (V)。Visa的结构性优势——52.16%的利润率、234.8亿美元的营业现金流和中双位数的收入增长——支持稳定的、低波动性的复合增长。随着现金到卡和数字迁移的长期趋势,严格的资本回报(22.36%的派息)和强大的定价能力,Visa即使在宏观噪音中也能提供卓越的风险调整回报,短期内技术干扰风险有限。

荣誉提名:Meta平台公司 (META)因其卓越的利润率和AI变现选择权,苹果公司 (AAPL)因其现金生成和生态系统在产品和服务周期中的韧性,MercadoLibre公司 (MELI)因其拉美电子商务/支付规模和执行关注点,伯克希尔哈撒韦公司B类股 (BRK-B)因其坚固的资产负债表和选择权,沃尔玛公司 (WMT)因其低波动性全渠道复合增长。


后五大投资风险

英特尔公司 (INTC)。英特尔的转型存在二元风险:TTM净收入为-205亿美元,负杠杆自由现金流为-83.2亿美元,债务为507.6亿美元,需要在Xeon 6和代工厂扩张上完美执行。即使有政策支持,回报稀释、产品时间延误或客户犹豫可能会延长亏损并压缩相对于今天盈利的同行的估值。

巴西石油公司 (Petrobras) (PBR)。尽管头条收益率为14.42%,但90.08%的派息率、紧张的流动性(流动比率为0.76)以及国家对定价和资本配置的影响威胁到可持续性。季度收入收缩(同比-10.10%)和高政策风险可能迫使股息重置,并使倍数保持低迷,尽管Búzios有利因素。

百事公司 (PEP)。防御性标签掩盖了限制:接近100%的派息率,杠杆率高(债务/权益276.87%),销量疲软,季度收入增长1.00%,盈利波动。股息支持限制了投资和回购的灵活性,直到利润率恢复,与动量更清晰的同类消费品相比,倍数上升有限。

可口可乐公司 (KO)。强劲的会计利润率与较弱的现金转换形成对比(TTM营业现金流约为13亿美元,而净收入为121.8亿美元),派息率为70.57%。随着股价表现不佳和温和的收入增长(同比+1.40%),股息增长和回购能力看起来受到限制,除非营运资金正常化,否则近期重新评级潜力有限。

淡水河谷公司 (VALE)。吸引人的收益率(11.08%)被商品周期性、负杠杆自由现金流(-28.1亿美元)和大量债务(1107.8亿美元)抵消。铁矿石需求不确定性和镍多元化的执行风险可能迫使分配节奏,并驱动倍数波动,使得风险调整后的回报不如长期复合增长者。

观察名单风险:特斯拉公司 (TSLA)因基本面(收入和EPS下降、利润率压力)与高波动性重新评级之间的差距依赖于软件变现,美洲移动公司 (AMX)因杠杆和外汇/融资敏感性尽管运营稳健,巴西航空工业公司 (ERJ)因在急剧重新评级后执行和供应链依赖,墨西哥经济促进公司 (FMX)因巴西整合中的薄利和盈利波动,埃克森美孚公司 (XOM)因如果裂缝和实现软化,周期驱动的盈利下行。


关键投资主题

AI基础设施是主导动力,受益于平台软件(微软、Alphabet)和硅领导者(NVIDIA),现金充裕的资产负债表再投资于资本支出和股东回报。规模经济和生态系统锁定是决定性因素,支持持久的利润率和定价能力。

现金流纪律和派息可持续性是消费品和高收益周期性行业的关键差异化因素。现金转换强劲和派息率适中的公司可以捍卫股息并进行投资,而那些现金生成相对于盈利较弱的公司尽管有收入吸引力,面临重新评级风险。

在金融领域,高ROE的企业拥有多元化的费用池和良好的信贷,从美国货币中心到拉美领导者,在利率正常化时表现良好。支付网络继续以卓越的风险调整复合增长获得长期市场份额。

商品和政策暴露在能源和材料中创造了不对称的结果。资产负债表和资本配置必须缓冲波动,但政策拖累和杠杆可能压倒原本稳健的运营。最后,价值零售规模和全渠道执行提供低波动性复合增长,因为消费者支出分化。



本文不是投资建议。投资股票存在风险,您应在做出任何财务决策之前自行进行研究。 请注意,本地区的回顾仅基于本杂志所跟踪的公司(请参见金融部分的股票)。